The Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station is a nuclear power plant on the shore of Lake Erie near Monroe, in Frenchtown Charter Township, Michigan on approximately 1,000 acres (400 ha). All units of the plant are operated by the DTE Energy Electric Company and owned (100 percent) by parent company DTE Energy.The fermi is the unit of length used to measure small distances in nuclear physics. The unit fermi is also known as a femtometer. 1 fermi = 10 -15 m. Hence, 1 fermi equal to 10 -15 meter. Suggest Corrections.Fermi Overview The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is an international and multi-agency space mission that studies the cosmos in the energy range 10 keV - 300 GeV. Several successful exploratory missions in gamma-ray astronomy led to the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) instrument on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO).The LAT team monitors flux values for a number of bright sources and transient sources that have shown flares during the mission. (See up-to-date weekly reports on flaring sources at the Fermi-LAT Flare Advocate Blog.) As sources cross the monitoring flux threshold of 1x10-6 cm-2 s-1, they are added to the monitored source list. Enrico Fermi was born in Rome, Italy, on September 29, 1901, the third child of Alberto and Ida de Gattis Fermi. Ida was a remarkable woman, trained as a teacher, highly intelligent and a major ...Fermi announced that this was much too low, and the real number was about one in ten. What followed was a sparring match as both men criticized and revised their rough estimates of the likelihood ...The Fermi Paradox refers to the dichotomy between the high probability that extraterrestrial intelligence exists and the fact that we have no evidence for such aliens. This paradox was described...Preparing these data for analysis depends on the type of analysis you wish to perform (e.g. point source, extended source, GRB spectral analysis, timing analysis, etc). The different cuts to the data are described in detail in the Cicerone . Data preparation consists of two steps. ( gtselect ): Used to make cuts based on columns in the event ...The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has revolutionized pulsar science by detecting and studying the gamma-ray properties of more than 150 pulsars. These gamma-ray pulsars divide into three classes: Young pulsars detected using radio ephemerides. Pulsars discovered through gamma-ray pulsations. Millisecond pulsars detected using radio ephemerides.Fermi Overview The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is an international and multi-agency space mission that studies the cosmos in the energy range 10 keV - 300 GeV. Several successful exploratory missions in gamma-ray astronomy led to the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) instrument on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO).An Overview of the Fermi ArchitectureAn Overview of the Fermi Architecturethe Fermi Architecture The first Fermi based GPU, implemented with 3.0 billion transistors, features up to 512 CUDA cores. A CUDA core executes a floating point or integer instruction per clock for a thread. The 512 CUDA cores are organized in 16 SMs of 32 cores each. Fermi sphere, and the factor 2 is from spin degeneracy. The electron density n is defined by 3 3 2 1 kF V N n The Fermi wavenumber kF is given by k 3 2n 1/3 F . (9) The Fermi energy is given by 2 2/3 2 3 2 n F m . (10) The Fermi velocity is 3 2n 1/3 m m k v F F . (11) The Fermi temperature TF is defined by B F F k T . Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory ( Fermilab ), located just outside Batavia, Illinois, near Chicago, is a United States Department of Energy national laboratory specializing in high-energy particle physics. Since 2007, Fermilab has been operated by the Fermi Research Alliance (FRA), a joint venture of the University of Chicago, and the ...Dec 5, 2021 · Fermi died four years later, in 1954, so did not have long to ponder the question. But his idea has sparked whole fields of science hoping to solve the problem, including the search for ... The source designation is the same as 4FGL, 4FGL JHHMM.m+DDMM(c,e,i,s) where the 4 refers to the fourth catalog (1FGL was released at 1 year, 2FGL at 2 years, and 3FGL at 4 years) and FGL represents Fermi Gamma-ray LAT. In 4FGL-DR2, the "DataRelease" column set to either 1 or 2 allows telling new sources from original 4FGL sources. Produce XML spatial-spectral models of gamma-ray sources within a specified region of the sky for analysis of Fermi LAT data (works with 4FGL-DR4). Generate an XML model for a given ROI from the fourth LAT source catalog (works with DR4). This program adds RA_MOON and DEC_MOON to an spacecraft (FT2) file indicating the position of the moon ...This distance is sometimes called a fermi and was so named in honour of Italian naturalized to American physicist Enrico Fermi, as it is a typical length-scale of nuclear physics. Definition and equivalents. 1000000 zeptometres = 1 femtometre = 1 fermi = 0.000001 nanometre = 10 −15 metres. 1 000 000 000 000 femtometres = 1 millimetre. May 20, 2022 · The analysis threads are part of a hierarchical documentation set offered in support of Fermi data analysis. The threads are basically "cookbook" analysis examples which could for example be followed verbatim and then repeated but substituting data sets and observational scenarios of your own choosing. The other components of the documentation ... The first thing they note is that the Fermi Paradox is a remarkably strong argument. You can quibble about the speed of alien spacecraft, whether it’s 1% the speed of light or 10% the speed of light. It doesn’t matter. You can argue about how long it would take for a new star colony to spawn colonies of its own. It still doesn’t matter. The Fermi Paradox seeks to answer the question of where the aliens are. Given that our solar system is quite young compared to the rest of the universe — roughly 4.5 billion years old, compared ...Enrico Fermi ( Italian: [enˈriːko ˈfermi]; 29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian and later naturalized American physicist, renowned for being the creator of the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1, and a member of the Manhattan Project. He has been called the "architect of the nuclear age " [1] and the ... Apr 26, 2023 · April 26, 2023. Office of Science. Department of Energy Announces Fermi Award Ceremony. The Biden-Harris Administration will be honoring Darleane C. Hoffman and Gabor A. Somorjai as recipients of the 2023 Enrico Fermi Presidential Award in a virtual ceremony June 6th, 2023, at 3:00 p.m. Pacific Time. The Enrico Fermi Presidential Award is one ... Option 1: Select the report type. lists only active courses and qualifications with due dates. is similar to the ITP, however it lists the most current training dates for all courses and qualifications taken, regardless of the active status and due dates. is a complete report of all training taken and qualifications completed. The fermi is a unit of measurement of length. A fermi is equivalent to a femtometer, and is the older non–SI measurement unit of length, in honour of Italian physicist Enrico Fermi (29 September 1901 — 28 November 1954), since it is a typical length-scale of, and often referenced in nuclear physics. Femtometer is a derived metric ... Su importante trabajo como físico fue galardonado en 1938 con el Premio Nobel de Física, por sus trabajos referentes a la radiactividad inducida. En sus comienzos como físico, Fermi se centró en el trabajo teórico, desarrollando importantes contribuciones a la teoría cuántica, la física de partículas y la mecánica estadística.May 15, 2020 · A pair of gigantic gamma-ray bubbles centered on the core of the Milky Way galaxy were discovered by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope 10 years ago. But how these so-called "Fermi bubbles" arose ... Enrico Fermi in 1949, to explain heating of particles in cosmic rays. Fermi studied charged particles being reflected by the mov-ing interstellar magnetic field and either gaining or losing energy, depending on whether the ”magnetic mirror” is approaching or re-ceding. In a typical environment, Fermi argued, the probability ofFrom Sci-News.com, March 19, 2021: Physicists from the TOTEM (TOTal cross section, Elastic scattering and diffraction dissociation Measurement) Collaboration at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the DØ Collaboration at Fermilab have found strong new evidence for the odderon, an elusive three-gluon state predicted almost five decades ago. The first thing they note is that the Fermi Paradox is a remarkably strong argument. You can quibble about the speed of alien spacecraft, whether it’s 1% the speed of light or 10% the speed of light. It doesn’t matter. You can argue about how long it would take for a new star colony to spawn colonies of its own. It still doesn’t matter. Feb 17, 2016 · The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has revolutionized pulsar science by detecting and studying the gamma-ray properties of more than 150 pulsars. These gamma-ray pulsars divide into three classes: Young pulsars detected using radio ephemerides. Pulsars discovered through gamma-ray pulsations. Millisecond pulsars detected using radio ephemerides. The Fermi trigger designation that is assigned for each new trigger detected. The name is the same as the one used in the Trigger Catalog. The naming scheme used is bnyymmddfff, where yymmdd is the date of the burst (yy, the year minus 2000; mm, the two-digit month; and dd, the two-digit day of the month) and fff = fraction of day. NameNASA.gov brings you the latest images, videos and news from America's space agency. Get the latest updates on NASA missions, watch NASA TV live, and learn about our quest to reveal the unknown and benefit all humankind. The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Click on the images or topic name for information about these science topics.Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory ( Fermilab ), located just outside Batavia, Illinois, near Chicago, is a United States Department of Energy national laboratory specializing in high-energy particle physics. Since 2007, Fermilab has been operated by the Fermi Research Alliance (FRA), a joint venture of the University of Chicago, and the ...This distance is sometimes called a fermi and was so named in honour of Italian naturalized to American physicist Enrico Fermi, as it is a typical length-scale of nuclear physics. Definition and equivalents. 1000000 zeptometres = 1 femtometre = 1 fermi = 0.000001 nanometre = 10 −15 metres. 1 000 000 000 000 femtometres = 1 millimetre. Su importante trabajo como físico fue galardonado en 1938 con el Premio Nobel de Física, por sus trabajos referentes a la radiactividad inducida. En sus comienzos como físico, Fermi se centró en el trabajo teórico, desarrollando importantes contribuciones a la teoría cuántica, la física de partículas y la mecánica estadística.noun fer· mi ˈfer- (ˌ)mē ˈfər- : a former SI unit of length equal to 10−15 meters : femtometer Word History Etymology Enrico Fermi First Known Use 1955, in the meaning defined above Time Traveler The first known use of fermi was in 1955 See more words from the same year Dictionary Entries Near fermi fermeture fermi Fermi See More Nearby EntriesFERMI (Free Electron laser Radiation for Multidisciplinary Investigations) is a seeded free electron laser (FEL) source operating at Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste. FERMI is an international user facility for scientific investigations ranging from chemistry to condensed matter physics and from advanced technology to biology.Fermi hay fecmi là một nguyên tố kim loại tổng hợp thuộc nhóm actini có tính phóng xạ cao, có ký hiệu Fm và số nguyên tử là 100. Fermi được tạo ra bằng cách bắn phá hạt nhân plutoni bởi các neutron , và là nguyên tố siêu urani thứ 8. ENRICO FERMI. Enrico Fermi was born in Rome, Italy, on September 29, 1901. He earned a scholarship to the University of Pisa and completed a Ph.D. in physics by 1922. Shortly thereafter, Fermi studied in Göttingen, Germany, under Max Born, where Robert Oppenheimer would earn his Ph.D. in 1927. From Göttingen, Fermi took a fellowship to study ...Experimental confirmation of a prediction is merely a measurement. An experiment disproving a prediction is a discovery. Enrico Fermi. Science, Discovery, Engineering. 84 Copy quote. It is not good to try to stop knowledge from going forward. Ignorance is never better than knowledge. Enrico Fermi. Positive, Ignorance, Science.Fermi 2 Power Plant began commercial operation in 1988 and has since produced more than 200 billion kilowatt hours of electricity for DTE Energy customers. In 2001, Fermi 2 Power Plant was the first nuclear power plant in the state to achieve Clean Corporate Citizen (C3) status. The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality's voluntary C3 ...Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory ( Fermilab ), located just outside Batavia, Illinois, near Chicago, is a United States Department of Energy national laboratory specializing in high-energy particle physics. Since 2007, Fermilab has been operated by the Fermi Research Alliance (FRA), a joint venture of the University of Chicago, and the ... Su importante trabajo como físico fue galardonado en 1938 con el Premio Nobel de Física, por sus trabajos referentes a la radiactividad inducida. En sus comienzos como físico, Fermi se centró en el trabajo teórico, desarrollando importantes contribuciones a la teoría cuántica, la física de partículas y la mecánica estadística.Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory ( Fermilab ), located just outside Batavia, Illinois, near Chicago, is a United States Department of Energy national laboratory specializing in high-energy particle physics. Since 2007, Fermilab has been operated by the Fermi Research Alliance (FRA), a joint venture of the University of Chicago, and the ...the Fermi surface, and should be regarded as yielding only qual-itative results. 2.2.2 T6= 0 , Fermi StatisticsThe goal is to get a sense of approximate size. This type of problem is known as a Fermi Problem, named for physicist Enrico Fermi. Enrico Fermi was known for his contribution to the Manhattan Project during World War II. He was a professor and research scientist at Columbia University and the University of Chicago.the Fermi surface, and should be regarded as yielding only qual-itative results. 2.2.2 T6= 0 , Fermi StatisticsApr 20, 2022 · Tracy Marc, Fermilab, [email protected], 224-290-7803. The U.S. Department of Energy has formally approved the start of full construction for the PIP-II project, an essential upgrade to the accelerator complex at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The heart of the project is a powerful new superconducting linear accelerator that will enable ... The FSSC has created a Docker container pre-loaded with many of the necessary tools required to do Fermi Analysis. It includes the Fermi Science Tools, the HEASARC FTOOLS, Python 2.7 and associated libraries along with a host of other programs. This container will run on Windows, MacOS, and Linux. You can find it (with instructions) on github ...Topics cover much of the gamma-ray band ranging from keV-MeV transients seen with Fermi's GBM to the highest energies observed by the LAT and the very high energies observed by ground-based gamma-ray telescopes. This year's school will be held at the University of Delaware Conference Center in Lewes, Delaware, from May 31 to June 10, 2022 ...The Fermi Level is defined at every temperature, not only at absolute zero temperature. 3. Fermi Energy is the kinetic energy difference between the lowest and highest occupied single-electron states. The Fermi Level corresponds to the total kinetic energy and potential energy of the thermodynamic system. 4.May 17, 2018 · Operator, general information and laboratory staff 630-840-3000 Fermilab phone directory and yellow pages Visiting Fermilab 630-840-3351 [email protected] April 26, 2023. Office of Science. Department of Energy Announces Fermi Award Ceremony. The Biden-Harris Administration will be honoring Darleane C. Hoffman and Gabor A. Somorjai as recipients of the 2023 Enrico Fermi Presidential Award in a virtual ceremony June 6th, 2023, at 3:00 p.m. Pacific Time. The Enrico Fermi Presidential Award is one ...Fermi gas. A Fermi gas is an idealized model, an ensemble of many non-interacting fermions. Fermions are particles that obey Fermi–Dirac statistics, like electrons, protons, and neutrons, and, in general, particles with half-integer spin. These statistics determine the energy distribution of fermions in a Fermi gas in thermal equilibrium, and ... Enrico Fermi på 1940-talet. Enrico Fermi, född 29 september 1901 i Rom, död 28 november 1954 i Chicago, USA, var en italiensk fysiker som 1938 belönades med Nobelpriset i fysik. Han är bland annat känd för att ha varit central inom utvecklingen av kärnkraften och atombomben. Han blev amerikansk medborgare i juli 1944. Proposals for the Fermi Guest Investigator program are usually due mid-January each year. The program funds many different areas of science — data analysis, theory development, multi-wavelength studies, etc. — as long as they can be shown to reasonably relate to the Fermi mission's science goals. General information about the GI programFermi gas. A Fermi gas is an idealized model, an ensemble of many non-interacting fermions. Fermions are particles that obey Fermi–Dirac statistics, like electrons, protons, and neutrons, and, in general, particles with half-integer spin. These statistics determine the energy distribution of fermions in a Fermi gas in thermal equilibrium, and ...Fermi, Unit 2. Location: 25 MI NE of Toledo, OH, in Region III Operator: DTE Electric Company Operating License: Issued - 07/15/1985, Expires - 03/20/2045The Fermi mission provides a suite of tools called the Fermitools for the analysis of both LAT and GBM data. This suite was developed by the FSSC and the instrument teams. Originally called the ScienceTools, the suite was renamed when the software hosting and distribution were changed to use Github and Conda.Oct 4, 2018 · Preparing these data for analysis depends on the type of analysis you wish to perform (e.g. point source, extended source, GRB spectral analysis, timing analysis, etc). The different cuts to the data are described in detail in the Cicerone . Data preparation consists of two steps. ( gtselect ): Used to make cuts based on columns in the event ... fermi: [noun] a former SI unit of length equal to 10−15 centimeters : femtometer. Fermi Problems. Fermi problems, named after physicist Enrico Fermi, are open-ended problems where students have to make assumptions, estimates, and educated guesses to creatively solve a problem. These complicated problem-solving exercises help students gain confidence in thinking like an engineer or scientist.I teach IB physics and recently attempted explain to a student where the Fermi Radius formula comes from in response to a question. For those unaware the fermi radius formula is shown below. R =R0A1/3 R = R 0 A 1 / 3. Where R0 R 0 is the Fermi Radius (1.20 fm), R R is the nuclear radius of an arbitrary nucleus, and A A is the mass number of the ...Daily Data Products. The following data products are created daily by the LISOC and sent to the FSSC. The products are create after each downlink from the spacecraft (6-8 per day). Large number of parameters describing a large subset of the events telemetered to the ground (many did not result from photons).The Fermi surface is the surface in the reciprocal space (the dual of the real space you live in) delimitating the fermionic occupied states from the fermionic unoccupied ones at zero temperature. So it is a momentum ( k k) construction rather than an energy construction.The Fermi Paradox seeks to answer the question of where the aliens are. Given that our solar system is quite young compared to the rest of the universe — roughly 4.5 billion years old, compared ...Enrico Fermi in 1949, to explain heating of particles in cosmic rays. Fermi studied charged particles being reflected by the mov-ing interstellar magnetic field and either gaining or losing energy, depending on whether the ”magnetic mirror” is approaching or re-ceding. In a typical environment, Fermi argued, the probability ofNASA.gov brings you the latest images, videos and news from America's space agency. Get the latest updates on NASA missions, watch NASA TV live, and learn about our quest to reveal the unknown and benefit all humankind.The Fermi surface is the surface in the reciprocal space (the dual of the real space you live in) delimitating the fermionic occupied states from the fermionic unoccupied ones at zero temperature. So it is a momentum ( k k) construction rather than an energy construction.Enrico Fermi, (born Sept. 29, 1901, Rome, Italy—died Nov. 28, 1954, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.), Italian-born American scientist who was one of the chief architects of the nuclear age. He developed the mathematical statistics required to clarify a large class of subatomic phenomena, explored nuclear transformations caused by neutrons, and ... The Fermi mission provides a suite of tools called the Fermitools for the analysis of both LAT and GBM data. This suite was developed by the FSSC and the instrument teams. Originally called the ScienceTools, the suite was renamed when the software hosting and distribution were changed to use Github and Conda.Fermi gas. A Fermi gas is an idealized model, an ensemble of many non-interacting fermions. Fermions are particles that obey Fermi–Dirac statistics, like electrons, protons, and neutrons, and, in general, particles with half-integer spin. These statistics determine the energy distribution of fermions in a Fermi gas in thermal equilibrium, and ...Aug 14, 2023 · An excellent collection of Fermi problems for your class. By [email protected] August 14, 2023. Enrico Fermi is the father of “solving maths problems we will never know the exact answer to.”. Such as how many leaves are on all the trees in Central Park. They are great for getting students to think mathematically and use ... The Fermi energy of a (n-doped) semiconductor is typically rather close to the band edge. In fact, by controlling the doping, it can be made it as close to the band edge as we want. On the other hand, in metal, where the conduction band is partially filled with electrons, the Fermi energy is necessarily quite big.The Fermi Science Support Center (FSSC) runs the guest investigator program, creates and maintains the mission time line, provides analysis tools for the scientific community, and archives and serves the Fermi data. This web site is the portal to Fermi for all guest investigators. This view shows the entire sky at energies greater than 1 GeV ...Sep 4, 2019 · The Fermi Bubbles are two enormous orbs of gas and cosmic rays that tower over the Milky Way, covering a region roughly as large as the galaxy itself. These giant space bubbles may be fueled by a ... The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has revolutionized pulsar science by detecting and studying the gamma-ray properties of more than 150 pulsars. These gamma-ray pulsars divide into three classes: Young pulsars detected using radio ephemerides. Pulsars discovered through gamma-ray pulsations. Millisecond pulsars detected using radio ephemerides.The newly discovered eROSITA X-ray bubbles in the Milky Way’s centre, together with the Fermi bubbles and microwave haze, may be explained by a single episode of central supermassive-black-hole ...Enrico Fermi, (born Sept. 29, 1901, Rome, Italy—died Nov. 28, 1954, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.), Italian-born American scientist who was one of the chief architects of the nuclear age. He developed the mathematical statistics required to clarify a large class of subatomic phenomena, explored nuclear transformations caused by neutrons, and ...
This distance is sometimes called a fermi and was so named in honour of Italian naturalized to American physicist Enrico Fermi, as it is a typical length-scale of nuclear physics. Definition and equivalents. 1000000 zeptometres = 1 femtometre = 1 fermi = 0.000001 nanometre = 10 −15 metres. 1 000 000 000 000 femtometres = 1 millimetre.. P ebt ohio update
The fermi is the unit of length used to measure small distances in nuclear physics. The unit fermi is also known as a femtometer. 1 fermi = 10 -15 m. Hence, 1 fermi equal to 10 -15 meter. Suggest Corrections.The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor data for GRB 221009A has two periods of bad time intervals, affecting all data types. At particularly high rates the TTE data has loss due to the bandwidth limit between the instrument and the spacecraft. CTIME and CSPEC data experience deadtime but do not experience similar losses due to electronics bandwidth.Option 1: Select the report type. lists only active courses and qualifications with due dates. is similar to the ITP, however it lists the most current training dates for all courses and qualifications taken, regardless of the active status and due dates. is a complete report of all training taken and qualifications completed. Nov 15, 2021 · The Fermi energy of a (n-doped) semiconductor is typically rather close to the band edge. In fact, by controlling the doping, it can be made it as close to the band edge as we want. On the other hand, in metal, where the conduction band is partially filled with electrons, the Fermi energy is necessarily quite big. I teach IB physics and recently attempted explain to a student where the Fermi Radius formula comes from in response to a question. For those unaware the fermi radius formula is shown below. R =R0A1/3 R = R 0 A 1 / 3. Where R0 R 0 is the Fermi Radius (1.20 fm), R R is the nuclear radius of an arbitrary nucleus, and A A is the mass number of the ...Enrico Fermi ( Italian: [enˈriːko ˈfermi]; 29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian and later naturalized American physicist, renowned for being the creator of the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1, and a member of the Manhattan Project. He has been called the "architect of the nuclear age " [1] and the ... However, in July 1968, DTE Energy announced plans to build a second nuclear reactor. This one would be a General Electric boiling water reactor. Fermi II had the odds stacked against it, while it didn't have the same issues that Fermi I did. Citizen activists still had a bad taste in their mouths and were quick to turn against Fermi II as well. The Fermi energy of a (n-doped) semiconductor is typically rather close to the band edge. In fact, by controlling the doping, it can be made it as close to the band edge as we want. On the other hand, in metal, where the conduction band is partially filled with electrons, the Fermi energy is necessarily quite big.The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Click on the images or topic name for information about these science topics.Tracy Marc, Fermilab, [email protected], 224-290-7803. The U.S. Department of Energy has formally approved the start of full construction for the PIP-II project, an essential upgrade to the accelerator complex at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The heart of the project is a powerful new superconducting linear accelerator that will enable ...Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) The GBM includes two sets of detectors: twelve sodium iodide (NaI) scintillators, each 12.7 cm in diameter by 1.27 cm thick, and two cylindrical bismuth germanate (BGO) scintillators, each 12.7 cm in diameter and 12.7 cm in height. The NaI detectors are sensitive in the lower end of the energy range, from a few keV ...Fermi gas. A Fermi gas is an idealized model, an ensemble of many non-interacting fermions. Fermions are particles that obey Fermi–Dirac statistics, like electrons, protons, and neutrons, and, in general, particles with half-integer spin. These statistics determine the energy distribution of fermions in a Fermi gas in thermal equilibrium, and ... Large Area Telescope (LAT) The primary interaction of photons in the Fermi energy range with matter is pair conversion. This process forms the basis for the underlying measurement principle by providing a unique signature for gamma rays, which distinguishes them from charged cosmic rays whose flux is as much as 10 5 times larger, and allowing a ....